Objective: The disabled like others, need information and information acquisition skills to play a positive role in society. By providing a variety of resources and information services, the public Library has an important role in providing services to the community, including the disabled, and can provide the background and opportunity for the presence of the disabled in society. The purpose of this study is to identify the Requirements and characteristics of a disability-friendly public Library. Methodology: The study was a descriptive applied study using a content analysis method and systematic search, to identify the Requirements of public libraries to provide services to the disabled, in Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. From the search in 4 databases, 738 documents were retrieved. Initially, all bibliographic information of articles and sources found from four databases were examined, extracted, and entered into EndNote X7 software, and duplicates were removed. In the next step, the titles of the remaining articles were examined. After reading the abstract of the remaining articles, if the article was deemed appropriate, their full text was studied. Finally, 40 documents were examined. Findings: The indicators and Requirements used in public libraries in providing services to the disabled were divided into seven categories. In the category of policy and budget, the existence of appropriate policies and guidelines in the Library to provide services to the disabled, in the category of advertising and development of services, the use of various methods of informing Library services, in the category of accessibility and physical condition of the Library, Existence of appropriate signs and boards to guide different sections of the Library, in the category of services and programs, placing the safe desk in a suitable place and its availability for all groups, in the category of human resources and training, the presence of trained staff in The field of providing services to the disabled, in the category of collections, the existence of books in various formats and the category of equipment and information technology, the existence of assistive technologies (CCTV, Braille printers, screen magnification, etc. ) have had the highest frequency. Conclusion: Identifying the services needed by the disabled and the characteristics of a Library for the disabled can help in making informed decisions to provide appropriate services in libraries, especially public libraries. Public libraries must provide facilities and features for people with disabilities to use the services and access the information they need. Libraries should, in addition to assessing the needs of different groups of people with disabilities and the organizations and associations that support them, have the necessary planning and budget by providing the appropriate collection, accessible building, various services and programs, and the existence of various equipment and technologies.

Human resources are one the most important factors of effectiveness in an organization. Determining training Requirements and providing appropriate trainings have a direct impact on human capital. Based on previous studies, training has an important impact on increasing human resources productivity. Therefore, to identify their training needs is very substantial. The paper is based on a survey that used a samples of Iranian employees in public libraries. Results show that there are a low percentage of employees who have related academic degrees and most of them have not attended in Library courses. Most librarians say that they need to pass some courses about the information and communication technology. The research concludes that employees need off-the-job training.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the Library anxiety of students, and the effect of Library skills instruction and Library tours on decreasing their Library anxiety.Methodology: The population of study- which conducted using the “pretest-posttest” experimental method- was 75 first year students at the University of Malaya, a research-intensive university in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. First, the levels of students’ Library anxiety were investigated using a revised version of the Bostick’s Library Anxiety Scale. Then, study participants were divided into three groups: first group participated in educational Library skills instruction sessions; second group participated in Library tours without attending in Library skills instruction sessions; and students in the third group neither participated in Library skills instruction sessions nor Library tours.Findings: The levels of participant’s Library anxiety were investigated using the same instrument after two weeks. Findings of the study revealed that although there were no statistically significant differences between pre-test of three groups, the levels of Library anxiety among the students in the second group were statistically significantly decreased. On the other hand, students in the second group reported to have experienced lower levels of Library anxiety after participation in Library skills instruction sessions, but not at a statistically significant level.

Purpose: Effective Library services for children require a wide range of professional librarian skills. Therefore, it is important to identify the competencies of child librarians. In this study, a comparison has been designed and validated to assess the competencies and Requirements of child librarians in public libraries. According to Tetens theory, the personality and character of every human being is composed of five areas, the first three areas are called internal areas and the last two areas are called external areas. The three inner realms include the realm of ideas and beliefs, the realm of feelings, and emotions, and the realm of wills and desires, and the three outer realms are the realm of speech and the realm of action. Method: The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. In this research, structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis have been used. To determine the content validity of the designed questionnaire, experts and librarians of public libraries were used. The sampling method in this section was purposeful sampling. The research community in the validation section of the research tools was librarians of public libraries in Khuzestan province. A simple random sampling method was used to distribute the research tools among the target population. A researcher-made questionnaire based on the research of Akbari, Shaghaghi, and Asnafi (1400) was used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistical indicators including structural equation modelling.Findings: The findings showed that the competencies of a secretary have three factors: beliefs, feelings, emotions, desires, and wills and 44 items; And action Requirements have 2 factors of speech and behaviour and 34 items. The results of fitting the secretary competencies model of child librarians showed that the factor load of 44 paths is greater than 0.5 and also the calculated significant numbers are greater than 1.96 which indicates the confirmation of all paths. The results of confirmatory factor analysis of child librarians' action Requirements model show that the calculated factor loads for all paths are greater than 0.5 and also the calculated significant numbers are greater than 1.96 which indicates the confirmation of all paths. Confirmatory factor analysis of the instrument showed that the instrument has a good fit and the combined reliability of all factors was higher than 0.90, which indicates the optimal reliability of the instrument. Also, the correlation of the scores of the components of the questionnaires is positive and significant, which indicates the convergent validity of the questionnaire.Conclusion: In this scale, the competencies of a child librarian's secretary were constructed and validated with three dimensions of beliefs, feelings, emotions, desires and wills, and a scale of behavioral competencies of child librarians with two dimensions of speech and behavior. Secretary competencies refer to what is in the child librarian's mind about the child and services to children, and secretary competencies focus more on operational skills. This scale provides a benchmark for recruiting a child librarian. It will also be an indicator for strengthening and enhancing the secretarial and action skills of child librarians through educational programs.

Purpose: This research explains the technological Requirements for the policy of acquiring and protecting digital resources in the National Library of Iran from the stakeholders' point of view. The stakeholders form the policy's three pillars: texture, content, and process; in other words, they play an active role in the policy-making process.Method: This research was conducted in a combined process and three stages. In the first stage, the qualitative content analysis method of related documents and documents and the qualitative data analysis software MAXQDA were used to code the texts. At this stage, the research community included 29 Latin articles, 24 Persian articles and 17 national and international standards. After that, he benefited from the expert opinions of the specialist focal group. Then, the codes from the focus group meetings were combined with the codes from the texts, and 82 codes were finalized. In the following steps, the questionnaire to determine the priority of the codes was provided to the expert group of the Delphi panel using Pressline software, and their average was finalized.Findings: The findings in the category of technological Requirements included four general axes. On the axis of preserving and disseminating digital national cultural heritage, three codes for setting up and managing a national system for protecting and accessing digital resources, using digital rights management technology, and using digital protection strategy. There are two codes on the axis of the application of digital standards: the application of the principles and functional Requirements of records in digital administrative environments and the application of government security standards and Requirements. In the axis of using user-friendly system facilities, the code of using adaptive technologies for access to the national digital system for people with sensory-motor impairments, and in the axis of using suitable infrastructural system facilities, two codes of the possibility of loading digital resources in the national digital system and analyzing the behaviour of users to improve services, they won the highest points in the national digital system.Conclusion: The results of this research show that in order to solve or reduce the challenges of protecting digital information resources, it is crucial to define and apply agreed standards between libraries or agreements with business organizations in the field of national heritage. The findings also underscore the importance of managing existing and future protection challenges by applying and using standards and suitable infrastructure system facilities comprehensively and in interaction with other similar systems in Iran. The high priority given to the codes of these two axes in the Delphi panel indicates their significance in creating a strong and reliable national system. The codes of these two access with more than 50% by creating a suitable and reliable platform, the portals of acquisition digital resources to the active form is launched and the digital heritage of Iran can be saved for the present and the future

Objective: Information and communication technologies have created new horizons to eradicate the limitations of traditional interactive systems. Providing electronic public services in libraries is one of the optimum applications of these technologies. This applied research, investigated the attitude of users of academic libraries in providing electronic public services in academic libraries.Methodology: To achieve the objectives, descriptive- analytical method is used. The research community was selected by stratified random sampling among Tehran university students, using researcher made questionnaire.Findings: The results showed that the amount of cognitions of the students about the various kinds of electronic public services was below the average. General attitude of the students of the different universities in Tehran to provide such services was positive, and their education level in this kind of attitude was ineffective.Conclusion: There was a significant positive correlation between the students’ use of electronic public services and the amount of their cognition about these services, and also between their attitude and cognition about the aforementioned services.

INTRUDUCTION: This study aimed to compare the nature, advantages and disadvantages of folksonomies with those of controlled vocabularies and to review the literature related to Library Thing social tags and Library of Congress Subject Headings. METHODOLOGY: This study was a Library research and a comparative study. FINDINGS: Folksonomies has some advantages, including being up-to-date, user oriented, money-saving and non-training, but with some disadvantages, including inconsistency, lack of context, and lack of both precision and recall that can be provided by controlled vocabularies. Thus, it is proposed that these are complementary rather than replacement for each other. CONCLUSIONS: Literature review of Library Thing social tags and Library of Congress Subject Headings showed that studies in this field have been conducted by different research methods and sampling approaches and in various and special areas. There is some match (approximately 50%) between Library Thing social tags and Library of Congress Subject Headings that is inappropriate for replacement. It can be concluded that these two information organization systems can be complementary to each other.

Human advancements in science and technology have also developed to libraries leading to the emergence of the phenomenon of the digital libraries. Therefore, authors decided to open the new view in the development of science and technology by examining both the copyright and digital Library. It seems that in the digital Library we must distinguish between two types of public and private libraries. Founder of the private libraries is required to satisfy the owner's personal needs. But it is not the case in public libraries. And According to Article 8 of "The protection the rights of authors, composers and artists act 1348" the founders should be exempted from the authorization of the copyright owner. Of course such an attitude is defendable about users without ability to download resources who have just the ability to read them. But about libraries that users can download resources from, this idea is not defendable.